For decades, the construction industry has wrestled with both rising demand and shrinking labor capacity. Productivity has stagnated, and the situation could soon worsen: Many workers are nearing retirement, and fewer young people are entering the field because of safety concerns, uncertainty about future prospects, and the physical intensity of construction work. To alleviate the labor crunch, some businesses have already automated a few common activities, including bricklaying and concreting, using purpose-built robots. A logical next step might involve the use of general-purpose robots, which can perform diverse, unrelated tasks across multiple settings.

General-purpose robots could be useful in a range of construction activities, from moving heavy concrete blocks to welding and plumbing. Although these robots come in various forms, humanoids—those that resemble people in size and shape—attract the most attention. Humanoids are still relatively early in development, but they could potentially transform industries if developers and other stakeholders can overcome technological, regulatory, financial, and operational hurdles.